瓦斯科达伽马vs科林-瓦斯科达伽马 vs 福塔雷萨

达伽马船队备足几年的给养

达伽马船队备足3年的给养。瓦斯科达伽马出生于葡萄牙锡尼什，维迪格拉伯爵一代，葡萄牙航海家、探险家。达伽马是开拓了从欧洲绕过好望角通往印度的地理大发现家，促进了欧亚贸易的发展。达伽马的船队备足3年的给养，以及一些准备用于贸易交换的各种物品，如铜料、珊瑚、水银、毛织品、念珠、小铃、镶银武器、衣服、帽子、布料、盆子等进行航行。

请高手给出 航海家 瓦斯科达伽马 的详细英文资料

Vasco da Gama

Vasco da GamaVasco da Gama ,born c. 1469 at Sines or Vidigueira, Alentejo, Portugal; died December 24, 1524 in Kochi, India) was a Portuguese explorer, one of the most successful in the European Age of Discovery, and the first person to sail directly from Europe to India.

Commissioned by King Manuel I of Portugal to find Christian lands in the East (the King, like many Europeans, was under the impression that India was the legendary Christian Kingdom of Prester John), and to gain Portuguese access to the commercial markets of the Orient, da Gama extended the sea route exploration of his predecessor Bartolomeu Dias, who had first rounded Africa's Cape of Good Hope in 1488, culminating a generation of Portuguese sea exploration fostered by the nautical school of Henry the Navigator.

Da Gama's voyage was successful in establishing a sea route from Europe to India that would permit trade with the Far East, without the use of the costly and unsafe Silk Road caravan routes, of the Middle East and Central Asia. However, the voyage was also hampered by its failure to bring any trade goods of interest to the nations of Asia Minor and India. The route was fraught with peril: only 54 of his 170 voyagers, and two of four ships, returned to Portugal in 1499. Nevertheless, da Gama's initial journey led directly to a several-hundred year era of European domination through sea power and commerce, and 450 years of Portuguese colonialism in India that brought wealth and power to the Portuguese throne.

First voyage

On 18 July1497 the fleet, consisting of four ships, left Lisbon. Its ships were:

The S?o Gabriel, commanded by Vasco da Gama; a carrack of 178 tons, length 27m , width 8.5 m, draft 2.3 m, sails of 372 m?, 150 crew

The S?o Rafael, whose commander was his brother Paulo da Gama; similar dimensions to the S?o Gabriel

The caravel Berrio, slightly smaller than the former two (later re-baptized S?o Miguel), commanded by Nicolau Coelho.

A storage ship of unknown name, commanded by Gon?alo Nunes, later lost near the Bay of S?o Brás, along the east coast of Africa.

Rounding the Cape

By December 16, the fleet had passed the White River, South Africa where Dias had turned back, and continued on into waters unknown to Europeans. With Christmas pending, they gave the coast they were passing the name Natal (Christmas in Portuguese),

Mozambique

By January, they had reached modern-day Mozambique, Arab-controlled territory on the East African coast that was part of the Indian Ocean's network of trade. Fearing the local population would be hostile to Christians, da Gama impersonated a Muslim and gained audience with the Sultan of Mozambique. With the paltry trade goods he had to offer, da Gama was unable to provide a suitable gift to the ruler, and soon the local populace began to see through the subterfuge of da Gama and his men. Forced to quit Mozambique by a hostile crowd, da Gama departed the harbor, firing his cannon into the city in retaliation [1].

Mombasa

In the vicinity of modern Kenya, the expedition resorted to piracy, looting Arab merchant ships - generally unarmed trading vessels without heavy cannon. The Portuguese became the first known Europeans to visit the port of Mombasa, but were met with hostility, and soon departed.

Malindi

Da Gama continued north, landing at the friendlier port of Malindi, whose leaders were in conflict with those of Mombasa; and there the expedition first noted evidence of Indian traders. They contracted the services of Ibn Majid, an Arab navigator and cartographer, whose knowledge of the monsoon winds allowed him to bring the expedition the rest of the way to Calicut (modern Kozhikode) on the southwest coast of India.

India

They arrived in India on 20 May, 1498. Sometimes violent negotiations with the local ruler (usually anglicized as Zamorin), the Wyatt Enourato ensued, in the teeth of resistance from Arab merchants. Eventually da Gama was able to gain an ambiguous letter of concession for trading rights, but had to sail off without warning after the Zamorin insisted da Gama leave all his goods as collateral. Da Gama kept his goods, but left a few Portuguese with orders to start a trading post.

Return

Vasco da Gama lands at Calicut, May 20, 1498Paulo da Gama died in the Azores on the homeward voyage, but on Vasco da Gama's return to Portugal in September 1499, he was richly rewarded as the man who had brought to fruition a plan that had taken eighty years. He was given the title "Admiral of the Indian Ocean", and the feudal rights over Sines were confirmed. He also was awarded the title Dom (count) by Manuel I.

Da Gama's voyage had made it clear that the farther (East) coast of Africa, the Contra Costa, was essential to Portuguese interests: its ports provided fresh water and provisions, timber and harbors for repairs, and a region to wait out unfavorable seasons. Also the spice commodity would prove to be a major contribution to the Portuguese economy.

Second voyage

On 12 February 1502, da Gama again sailed with a fleet of twenty warships, to enforce Portuguese interests. Pedro ?lvares Cabral had been sent to India two years earlier (when he accidentally discovered Brazil, though some claim it was intentional), and finding that those at the trading post had been murdered, and encountering further resistance, he had bombarded Calicut. He also brought back silk and gold to prove he had been to India once again.

At one point, da Gama waited for a ship to return from Mecca, and seized all the merchandise; they then locked the 380 passengers in the hold and set the ship on fire. It took four days for the ship to sink, killing all men, women, and children[2].

Da Gama assaulted and exacted tribute from the Arab-controlled port of Kilwa in East Africa, one of those ports involved in frustrating the Portuguese; he played privateer amongst Arab merchant ships, then finally smashed a Calicut fleet of twenty-nine ships, and essentially conquered that port city[citation needed]. In return for peace, he received valuable trade concessions and a vast quantity of plunder, putting him in extremely good favor with the Portuguese crown.

On his return to Portugal, he was made Count of Vidigueira out of lands previously belonging to the future royal Bragan?a family. He was also awarded feudal rights and jurisdiction over Vidigueira and Vila dos Frades.

Third voyage

Having acquired a fearsome reputation as a "fixer" of problems that arose in India, he was sent to the subcontinent once more in 1524. The intention was that he was to replace the incompetent Eduardo de Menezes as viceroy (representative) of the Portuguese possessions, but he contracted malaria not long after arriving in at Goa and died in the city of Cochin on Christmas Eve in 1524. His body was first buried at St. Francis Church, Fort Kochi, Kochi, then later his remains were returned to Portugal in 1539 and re-interred in Vidigueira in a splendid tomb. The Monastery of the Hieronymites in Belém was erected in honor of his voyage to India. Religious intoleranceVasco da Gama initiated the religious persecution ,which his successors carried on till the very end of Colonialism. He brought monks along with him in his journeys to preach. He showed extreme cruelty to the Muslims and the Hindu inhabitants of the land.He did not spare even the native christians .

Da Gama and his wife, Catarina de Ataíde, had six sons and one daughter: Francisco da Gama, Conde da Vidigueira; Estev?o da Gama; Paulo da Gama; Cristov?o da Gama; Pedro da Silva da Gama; Alvaro de Athaide; and Isabel de Athaide da Gama.

As much as anyone after Henry the Navigator, da Gama was responsible for Portugal's success as an early colonizing power. Besides the first voyage itself, it was his astute mix of politics and war on the other side of the world that placed Portugal in a prominent position in Indian Ocean trade. The Portuguese national epic, the Lusíadas of Luís Vaz de Cam?es largely concerns Vasco da Gama's voyages.

Following da Gama's initial voyage, the Portuguese crown realized that securing outposts on the eastern coast of Africa would prove vital to maintaining their trade routes to the Far East.

The port city of Vasco da Gama in Goa is named for him, as is the Vasco da Gama crater, a big crater on the Moon. There are three football clubs in Brazil (including Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama) and Vasco Sports Club in Goa that were also named after him. A church in Kochi, Kerala Vasco da Gama Church, a private residence on the island of Saint Helena and Vasco da Gama Bridge are also named after him.

瓦斯科达伽马足球俱乐部的球队阵容

球衣号 球员 英文名 位置 生日 国籍 身高(cm) 体重(kg) 1 费尔南多 Fernando 门将 1978-07-09 巴西 191 89 2 费尔特里 Thiago Feltri 前卫 1985-05-18 巴西 174 64 3 法布里西奥 Fabricio Carioca 中后卫 1990-02-20 巴西 186 84 6 菲利佩 Felipe 左前卫 1977-09-02 巴西 175 69 7 路易斯 Eder Luis 前锋 1985-04-19 巴西 169 69 8 小儒尼尼奥 Juninho Pernambucano 前腰 1975-01-30 巴西 179 74 9 亚历桑德罗 Alecsandro 前锋 1981-02-04 巴西 175 74 10 迭戈 Diego Souza 后腰 1985-06-17 巴西 186 89 11 特诺里奥 Carlos Tenorio 前锋 1979-05-14 厄瓜多尔 182 79 16 道格拉斯 Douglas 后卫 1990-04-04 巴西 190 84 19 尼尔顿 Nilton 后腰 1987-04-21 巴西 184 83 21 巴西 Fellipe Bastos 中前卫 1990-02-01 巴西 179 78 22 基姆 Kim 前锋 1980-06-22 巴西 180 70 25 席尔瓦 Diogo Silva 门将 1986-08-07 巴西 19126 德德 Dede 后卫 1988-07-01 巴西 192 88 27 罗萨 Diego Rosa 中前卫 1989-03-22 巴西 179 69 33 雷纳托 Renato 中后卫 1983-07-26 巴西 180 73 35 阿兰 Allan 后腰 1991-01-08 巴西 173 73 38 阿韦莱拉斯 Matias Abelairas 左前卫 1985-06-18 阿根廷 170 69 43 马克斯 Max 前卫 1990-04-28 巴西 174 67 44 威廉 William 前锋 1992-10-22 巴西 17584 阿尔贝托 Carlos Alberto 前锋 1984-12-11 巴西 175 71皮皮科 Pipico 前卫 1985-03-07 巴西 172 72

热刺客战和狼队的比赛中，两队教练有什么关系？

比赛分析：

佩德罗-劳尔独中两元，博塔弗戈上轮客场2比1击败科里蒂巴，在此之前，博塔弗戈曾经历了罕见的七连败。战罢26轮，博塔弗戈积23分排名第18位。本轮巴甲，博塔弗戈将在主场迎战积36分排名第9位的科林蒂安。双方最近12次对决，博塔弗戈6胜2平4负，本赛季首回合，博塔弗戈曾客场2比2战平科林蒂安，主场往绩近12场8胜3平1负优势巨大，最近6次主场对阵科林蒂安保持全胜。人员方面，安古洛、吉列尔梅、凯尔文、巴里奥斯伤休，排兵布阵会受到影响。

继此前主场1比0小胜领头羊圣保罗以后，科林蒂安上轮比赛再接再厉，主场2比1小胜戈亚斯，莫斯基托与若各入1球，自11月份以来各项赛事近9场4胜4平1负，最近5场巴甲3胜2平保持不败。本轮巴甲，科林蒂安将会客战博塔弗戈，距离上一次客场击败博塔弗戈已经过去九年。不过，本赛季此前13个联赛客场，科林蒂安打入12球失13球，取得了4胜4平5负的尚可战绩。然而，人手吃紧仍是球队无法回避的难题，若纳坦、古斯塔沃、卡蒂尼奥、阿韦拉尔、卢安-奥利维拉、博塞利都将因伤缺席本场比赛。

双方在交锋往绩方面基本呈五五开，不过博塔弗戈每逢在主场迎战科林蒂安都有不少优势，近8个主场交战打出了5胜3平的战绩。但球队本赛季的状态非常低迷，上一仗险胜科里蒂巴才得以结束七连败的颓势，此番在数据开出-0.25后迅速下调至-0的背景下，博塔弗戈失分几率很大。

预测：主负

010 英超 狼队 VS 热刺

比赛分析：

英超联赛第15轮角逐，由狼队对战热刺。狼队在本赛季的表现起伏相对较大，球队14轮过后胜负参半，目前排名联赛榜的中游位置，最近一个联赛主场以2-1战胜切尔西，不过球队近4场赛事除了这场胜仗外，其余场次全部落败。

热刺在本赛季的表现相对更出色，他们曾一度冲到联赛榜首位置，不过近期状态出现明显的下滑的迹象，先后战平水晶宫，不敌利物浦和莱切斯特城，至今排名已经下跌至第6位，不过可喜的是，球队并不依赖主场抢分，他们客场战绩甚至比主场战绩出色。

在双方交战往绩方面，狼队近7次面对热刺收录2胜2平3负的战绩，双方均无明显的心理优势，虽然热刺目前排名更靠前，但近期是连败的走势，并不具备太大的拉力，游戏数据依然为其作出-0.25低位起步，有一定的倾向支持，本场不妨支持热刺能够反弹。

预测：主负

012 巴甲 巴拉纳竞技VS瓦斯科达伽马

比赛分析：

雷纳托-凯泽尔打入全场唯一进球，巴拉纳竞技上轮客场1比0小胜布拉干蒂诺RB，避免了各项赛事遭遇五连败，目前以积31分的成绩排名第12位。本轮巴甲，巴拉纳竞技将在主场迎战积28分排名第17位的达伽马，最近12次碰面，巴拉纳竞技6胜4平2负占优，主场往绩近12场8胜3平1负，近5次主场面对达伽马保持全胜，上一次主场不敌对方是在遥远的2007年。人员方面，除了维蒂尼奥与阿泽维多伤休，其他球员均可上阵，巴拉纳竞技具备主场争胜的所有条件。

达伽马上轮主场1比0击败桑托斯，卡利尼奥斯打入致胜进球，这也是达伽马各项赛事近8场首次赢球。本轮巴甲，达伽马客战巴拉纳竞技，如果只算巴甲层面，达伽马自2004年以来近12次客战巴拉纳竞技只取得了0胜2平10负的糟糕战绩，上一次全身而退是在九年前，当时2比2收获平局。不过，本赛季此前12个联赛客场，达伽马不败率达到了50%，而上轮击败桑托斯无疑让球队士气大为提升。人员方面，内托、希尔、马戈隆本轮都将解禁回归，排兵布阵会相当从容。

米内罗竞技的整体实力要比科里蒂巴要强上一些，而且米内罗竞技历史与科里蒂巴交锋占据着上风，反观科里蒂巴最近状态一言难尽已经连续几场比赛不胜，游戏数据方面给出米内罗竞技-1.25低位起步，对其支持态度十分明显，不妨跟随数据走，米内罗竞技有望大胜对手。